Tajikistan
 

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General Information

Tajikistan is in Central Asia located state. Its neighboring countries are northwest Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan to the north, China in the east and south Afghanistan. Area 143 100 square kilometers.

Tajikistan's of the area is 93% mountainous and over half of the area is situated over 3000 m altitude. East of the country are in located the Pamir mountains and the most part of mountains of high plateau located also there. Tajikistan's highest point is 7 498-meter-high mountain peak Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism peak).

The country's one of the biggest rivers are in Fergansgaja valley to the north-flowing Syr Darya and of the northeast-flowing Zaravsan, as well as three of Amudarja tributary  - Vahs, Pyandj and kofarnihon.

Tajikistan's capital is Dushanbe ( population 7.3 million ) Other main cities are: Khujand, Kurgan - Tyube, Khorog, Kulyab and Penjikent. Tajikistan is a republic. Head of State is the President Emomali Saripovits Rakhmonov, who has been in office since 1994. Tajikistan became independent on September 9.1991.

Tajikistan is a UN member.

Population

Population is 7,349,145 (July 2010 est.). Age structure: 0-14 years: 34.3% (male 1,282,681/female 1,238,607), 15-64 years: 62.1% (male 2,260,552/female 2,303,034), 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 112,334/female 151,937). Urban population: 26% of total population. Rate of urbanization: 1.6% annual rate of change. Population growth rate is 1.878%. Birth rate: 26.9 births/1,000 population. Death rate: 6.83 deaths/1,000 population. Net migration rate: -1.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.).

An average density of population in Tajikistan is 42,1 person /1 sq. km. Much are occupied the Gissar and Vaksh valleys and Khujand region. Over 85% of the population live in valley regions ( making 35% of the territory of the republic). The part of living here of urban population reaches 95%. In 90th years not least 35% of population of the republic lived in towns, 65% lived in the rural area.
 

Ethnographic description

Tajikistan is a multinational state. 70% of its population make the Tajik prevailing in all the regions of the republic. The Uzbek, Russians, Tatar, Ukrainians, Kirghis, Turkmen, Kazakh Beludgy, Arab, Central Asian`s Gypsies and the Jews live also in the territory of Tajikistan. The mountainous Badakhshan is populated by Pamir nationalities, whose frequently named the mountainous Tajikistan. The language they speak refers to the Pamir group of east branch of the Iranian languages.

Climate

An average temperature of January in plains and foothills fluctuates from +2 up to 2C. An average temperature of July exceeds 31C in the plains and falls lower +10C. The autumn period is characterised by an unsteady temperature, from -3-5 up to 36+38C. The annual course of humidity depends on the air temperature. An annual amount of sediments reaches 200mm in the central regions. In deep hollows and narrow valleys, a number of sediments decreases up to 100-300m per year. An average annual amount of the sediments reaches 1200mm in Pamir. The types of sediments are various: the snow is 15-20% per year, high in the mountains up to 100%. The mountain winds occur only high in the mountains.

Currency

Tajikistan's currency is the Somoni. The Tajik Somoni is available in denominations of one, five, ten, twenty, fifty and one hundred Somoni. Tajikistan Somoni (TJS) Currency Calculator: » http://coinmill.com/TJS_calculator.html#TJS

Natural resources

Tajikistan is rich in natural resources, about those can mentioned inter alia: aluminum, coal, oil, natural gas, iron, zinc, antimony, mercury, gold, tin, tungsten, boron, salt, carbonates, fluoride, molybdenum, marble, gypsum, clay, precious and semi-precious stones.

Tajikistan is also well-known different kinds of mineral waters land.

Basic Industry sectors

Major industries: mining metallurgy, water-power engineering, textile and clothing industries. Major agricultural crops: cotton, fruits , silk, grains , tobacco.

Aluminium industry is represented by the state-owned Talco - the biggest aluminium plant in Central Asia and one of the biggest in the world. Tajikistan has great hydropower potential, and has focused on attracting investment for projects for internal use and electricity exports.

Main trade partners: CIS countries, Turkey and Netherlands.

Civilization

Before the Soviet power was the biggest part of the population illiterate. Many of those who received some kind of training went to village schools where teaching was mostly the Qur'an learning. The Soviet period was the formation of public education system and in 1989 all the children went to school. Russian language was a curriculum second compulsory language.

The largest library is Firdousin State Library, where has a large collection of medieval manuscripts. Radio broadcasting began in the late 1920s and television in 1959. Tajikistan's the largest newspaper is Jumhuriyat.

Religion

The most majority of Tajikistan's population is Muslim. Sunni Muslim 85%, Shi'a Muslim 5%, other 10%.